{"id":62833,"date":"2026-07-17T04:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-17T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/2579773-auto-draft\/"},"modified":"2026-07-17T04:00:00","modified_gmt":"2026-07-17T04:00:00","slug":"ancient-egyptian-princesses-buried-with-weapons-may-have-been-fighters","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hoo.central12.com\/fugic\/2026\/07\/17\/ancient-egyptian-princesses-buried-with-weapons-may-have-been-fighters\/","title":{"rendered":"Ancient Egyptian princesses buried with weapons may have been fighters"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1350\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305407141.jpg\" alt=\"The dagger buried with Princess Ita\" class=\"wp-image-2580023\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305407141.jpg 1350w, https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305407141.jpg?resize=150,100 150w, https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305407141.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305407141.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305407141.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305407141.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305407141.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305407141.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305407141.jpg?resize=196,131 196w, https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305407141.jpg?resize=301,201 301w, https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305407141.jpg?resize=415,277 415w, https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305407141.jpg?resize=602,401 602w, https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305407141.jpg?resize=830,553 830w, https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305407141.jpg?resize=105,70 105w, https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305407141.jpg?resize=210,140 210w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1350px) 100vw, 1350px\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><div class=\"wp-image__caption--icon\"><svg width=\"15\" height=\"15\" viewbox=\"0 0 15 15\"><use href=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/themes\/newscientist\/images\/icon-circle-chevron.svg#icon-circle-chevron\"><\/use><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"wp-image__caption--text\">The dagger buried with Princess Ita<\/div><div class=\"wp-image__caption--credit\">Sameh Abdel Mohsen<\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ancient Egyptian princesses were probably trained in using bows and daggers and put themselves at risk of serious injury. Rediscovering mummies from about 3800 years ago has revealed that some of these women had enlarged bones in their arms and bowing of the bones in their palms, which suggests they were active users of the weapons they were often buried with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThey carried their bows and daggers into the afterlife not just as ornaments, but as testaments to the active, resilient and powerful lives they led,\u201d says <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&amp;user=qS_d1fsAAAAJ&amp;view_op=list_works&amp;sortby=pubdate\">Zeinab Hashesh<\/a> at the University of Beni-Suef in Egypt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\t<div class=\"read-more__standard wp-block-newscientist-read-more\">\n\t\t<a class=\"read-more__standard--wrapper no-animation\" href=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/2488813-archaeologists-are-unearthing-the-most-powerful-women-who-ever-lived\/\">\n\t\t\t<strong>Read more<\/strong>\n\t\t\t<p>Archaeologists are unearthing the most powerful women who ever lived<\/p>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Weapons have been found <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/antiquity\/article\/viking-warrior-women-reassessing-birka-chamber-grave-bj581\/7CC691F69FAE51DDE905D27E049FADCD\">buried with women from many cultures<\/a> throughout history. But there has been much debate about whether this was symbolic or meant the women used them.<\/p>\n<div class=\"advert-wrapper advert__mid-article\">\n\t<div class=\"advert\">\n\t\t<div class=\"advert__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"advert__copy\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAdvertisement\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"advert__slot\" id=\"mid-article-slot\">\n\t\t\t\t<script>\n\t\t\t\t\tif( window?.adverts?.addToArray ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\twindow.adverts.addToArray( {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"pos\": \"mid-article-slot\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now, Hashesh and her colleagues have studied six royal mummies \u2013 five female \u2013 found at the Dahshur complex of pyramids and tombs from Egypt\u2019s Middle Kingdom between about 1850 and 1700 BC. The mummies, some of which were found with bows and arrows alongside them, were excavated in the 1890s, and were rediscovered in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo during a curation project in 2020. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The team has analysed the bones to learn about the lives of these royal individuals, four of whom are thought to be daughters of the pharaoh Amenemhat II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A key finding was that Princess Ita \u2013 who had an elaborate gold and lapis lazuli dagger in her burial assemblage and was aged between 28 and 34 when she died \u2013 would have had very strong connections between the bones in her forearm and strong hand muscles. This implies the habitual gripping of weapons like daggers or maces, says Hashesh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1350\" height=\"685\" src=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305279310.jpg\" alt=\"The arrows buried with Princess Noub Hotep\" class=\"wp-image-2579804\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305279310.jpg 1350w, https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305279310.jpg?resize=150,76 150w, https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305279310.jpg?resize=300,152 300w, https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305279310.jpg?resize=768,390 768w, https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305279310.jpg?resize=600,304 600w, https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305279310.jpg?resize=196,99 196w, https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305279310.jpg?resize=301,153 301w, https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305279310.jpg?resize=415,211 415w, https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305279310.jpg?resize=602,305 602w, https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305279310.jpg?resize=830,421 830w, https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305279310.jpg?resize=138,70 138w, https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SEI_305279310.jpg?resize=276,140 276w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1350px) 100vw, 1350px\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><div class=\"wp-image__caption--icon\"><svg width=\"15\" height=\"15\" viewbox=\"0 0 15 15\"><use href=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/wp-content\/themes\/newscientist\/images\/icon-circle-chevron.svg#icon-circle-chevron\"><\/use><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"wp-image__caption--text\">The arrows buried with Princess Noub-Hotep<\/div><div class=\"wp-image__caption--credit\">Eman Shawky<\/div><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Princesses Noub-Hotep (aged between 40 and 44) and Itaweret (aged 20 to 34) both showed enlargement of the radius bone in the forearm, which could be an adaptation to <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10426064\/\">the repetitive stress of drawing a bow<\/a>. The former princess, who was buried alongside arrows, also had bowing of the second right metacarpal bone in the palm and strengthened attachments of finger muscles. These hint at the sustained mechanical load required to hold a bow and are indicative of \u201carcher\u2019s grip\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cI imagine the lives of princesses like Noub-Hotep and Ita were far from the sedentary, purely decorative existence we often associate with ancient royalty,\u201d says Hashesh. \u201cTo develop the archer\u2019s grip and the structural bowing of the hand bones observed in Noub-Hotep, they must have begun training in archery and martial arts from a young age.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/experts.griffith.edu.au\/8914-michelle-langley\">Michelle Langley<\/a> at Griffith University in Australia says this study gives us real insight into these princesses\u2019 lives. \u201cRoyal women were not simply sitting around a palace or following their menfolk around, but living active and skilled lives. They were trained in very practical martial and hunting arts, just as we imagine their fathers and brothers were,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\t<div class=\"read-more__standard wp-block-newscientist-read-more\">\n\t\t<a class=\"read-more__standard--wrapper no-animation\" href=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/2493971-treasures-from-sunken-egyptian-city-of-canopus-emerge-from-the-sea\/\">\n\t\t\t<strong>Read more<\/strong>\n\t\t\t<p>Treasures from sunken Egyptian city of Canopus emerge from the sea<\/p>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The bones also revealed that injuries were common. For example, Princess Itaweret survived broken ribs and foot fractures, which Hashesh says were probably caused by accidents or hard blows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThis tells us that they were out in the world, perhaps engaged in high-impact activities where falls and blows were a real danger,\u201d she says. When injured, their status gave them access to surgeons capable of setting bones so well that they healed without infection or misalignment, she says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But <a href=\"https:\/\/www.southampton.ac.uk\/people\/5wzpp9\/professor-sonia-zakrzewski\">Sonia Zakrzewski<\/a> at the University of Southampton, UK, says that other activities could result in similar alterations to arm and hand bones, such as frequent juggling or using a scythe. \u201cIf we were to find a tennis player buried with a club, we cannot simply argue that this [similar] bony change was a result of clubbing people,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"journal-reference__wrapper wp-block-newscientist-read-more\">\n\t<strong>Journal Reference:<\/strong>\n\t<p>\n\t\t<em>Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology<\/em>\n\t\t<a class=\"journal-reference__link no-animation\" href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/environmental-archaeology\/articles\/10.3389\/fearc.2026.1844402\/full\">\n\t\t\tDOI: 10.3389\/fearc.2026.1844402\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The mummified daughters of pharaohs who lived thousands of years ago have bone changes that suggest they fought with bows and daggers<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":906,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[940,3449],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62833","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","category-humans"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hoo.central12.com\/fugic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62833"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hoo.central12.com\/fugic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hoo.central12.com\/fugic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hoo.central12.com\/fugic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/906"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hoo.central12.com\/fugic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=62833"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/hoo.central12.com\/fugic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62833\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":62979,"href":"https:\/\/hoo.central12.com\/fugic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62833\/revisions\/62979"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hoo.central12.com\/fugic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=62833"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hoo.central12.com\/fugic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=62833"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hoo.central12.com\/fugic\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=62833"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}